Hope you have seen the previous post. Now you are acquainted with the basics of the actual IUPAC electronic configuration. In this post, we will proceed further with an example. We will try to determine the electronic configuration of potassium. The atomic number of potassium is 19. Now draw the algorithm.
               
                      1s
                      2s 2p
                      3s 3p 3d
                      4s 4p 4d 4f
                      5s 5p 5d 5f
                      6s 6p 6d
                      7s 7p

                  You must recall the capacity of each shell. now draw a diagonal ray passing through 1s. As the capacity of s shell is 2, therefore it will hold 2 electrons. Now move to the next shell. Draw a diagonal ray passing through 2s. It will hold 2 electrons. Now 4 electrons have been arranged in the shells. Now draw a diagonal passing through 2p and 3s. 6 electrons will be arranged in the p shell and 2 in the s shell. Therefore, total of 12 electrons are arranged. Now draw a diagonal passing through 3p and 4s. 6 electrons in p shell but now only 1 electron is remained to be arranged. Put the 1 electron in the s shell. Therefore the electronic configuration of potassium is written as 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3^2 3p^6 4s^1. So the electronic configuration of potassium is 3p^6 4s^1 (Usually last two terms are taken into consideration while expressing the electronic configuration.) If you check on internet you will find that the electronic configuration of potassium is 4^1. Try determining the electronic configuration of chlorine, aluminium. Don't turn towards transition elements because the way of arranging electrons in the shell is different for transition elements. We will learn them when you perfect the above mentioned method.
               Take COPPER as an example for transition metal. Its atomic number is 29. Therefore the electronic configuration we receive when we follow the above method is : 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^9. So you will write the electronic configuration as 4s^2 3d^9. But it is wrong. A shell is also a bit stable if it is half filled. So try to get the shells to the most stable form. In this case, it can be done by shifting 1 electron form 4s shell to 3d shell. So we get 4s^1 3d^10. Here, the 4s shell is also somewhat stable and 3d shell is completely filled, so it is no doubt the most stable form. So the electronic configuration of iron is 3d^10 4s^1. The s shell must always be at the last when expressing the electronic configuration. This technique is very useful. Because if you surf on the net about the valency of copper, it has two valencies that are 1+ and 2+. This can be calculated through the new method because at first we got 2 electrons in the outermost shell that is 4s shell . Therefore one valency of copper is 2+ and at the end we got 1 electron in the outermost shell that is in the 4s shell. Therefore, it has valency 1+ .
                      Hope this has proved useful to you. Keep on trying with taking different elements and checking if you get the correct electronic configuration. Dont go for elements with very high atomic numbers because they have some different pattern for arranging electrons . If you have understood this pattern, then the next pattern will be very easy. We will learn about it in my next post. Till then bye bye and ask questions in the form of posts so that there can be exchange of more knowledge between us. Please subscribe

                   Friends, in 9th std we were all taught about the electronic configuration. The modern periodic table is also based on the modern periodic law. Anybody remember the formula for number of electrons or capacity of K, L, M and N shells. The formula was 2n^2. But now, forget about this formula. Now it is not in use.
                    After some workings on getting the electronic configuration of elements, we come across the terms s,p,d and f shells on the net. And this is the actual way how electronic configuration of an element can be understood. The 's' shell has capacity to hold 2 electrons. p,d and f have the capacity to hold 6,10 and 14 electrons respectively. Now lets turn to how to actually put electrons in these shells. Lets take an element. Say POTASSIUM. It has atomic number 19. And no doubt, you must be knowing the atomic number of the element to get its electronic configuration.  LOL

                           1s
                           2s 2p
                           3s 3p 3d
                           4s 4p 4d 4f
                           5s 5p 5d 5f
                           6s 6p 6d
                           7s 7p

                    Arrange this, say algorithm  on your notebook. s,p,d,and f hold 2,6,10 and 14 electrons each. If you calculate the total electrons present in this weird diagram, you will get the total number of electrons to be 118. This is absolutely equal to the number of elements known to man. Dont consider the recently discovered elements having atomic number greater than 118. This can be known through the following way:
              7 's' shells means 7*2 = 14
              6 'p' shells means 6*6 = 36
              4 'd' shells means 4*10= 40
             2 'f' shells means 2*14= 28
      If u add 14+36+40+28 = 118. AAHHHHHHH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! TIRED???????? But there are lot of amazing things to learn further.  Friends, we will learn how to get to the actual electronic configuration in my next post. Thank you for reading. Please subscribe, comment and ask questions if any doubt. Please ask questions if u have not understood because further part is little complicated. KEEP ON READING>
             
                       

                         Its been a while that I haven't blogged anything. It was because I was really busy in my soccer matches. Friends, today we will get aquainted with some more features of the four fundamental forces of nature. Do you remember which are they? They are strong and weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force and gravitational force. But have you ever wondered, what makes these forces work?
                        But if this question might have occured to you before, then you might be future great scientist. Because this same question troubled some great minds. But after long tiring effort, they got an insight of the inner workings of these forces. The thing that makes this force work are the 'Particles'. They are actually known as messenger-particles. The strong force is carried by particles known as gluons. They have the mass, can you guess........ its zero. They are massless. Electromagnetic force is carried by photons and gravitational force is carried by a hypothetic particle called graviton. They both are massless. But something freaky goes on with the weak nuclear force. Weak gauge bosons are the particles which carry this force. But they weigh tremendously huge, that is 86,97 . All the above mentioned masses are in multiples of proton mass.

                                    DID YOU KNOW???????????????

                        Even though we have a specific formula for measuring gravitational,electromagnetic and the remaining forces, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force are confined to have effect only around a specific distance, but its not the case with gravity and electromagnetic force. They have an unlimited range of influence.

                               Friends, also there is some weirdness about the strength of these forces. Gravity is the feeblest force while strong nuclear force is the dominating one. Electromagnetic force is 10^42 times stronger than the gravity. The strong nuclear force is about one hundred times as strong as electromagnetic force and one hundred thousand times as strong as the weak nuclear force.
                                Friends, do u know that there are also families into which many other particles are classified. We'll discuss about them in my next blog and also come across some breath-taking questions. Be READY!!!!!!!!!! Please subscribe, comment and share. Thank you for reading.

                         Hello friends. Those who have read my previous post, I am going to answer the small and foolish question. When the kittens started to roam about in Newton's house, the traveled and followed their mother through the big hole which was made for the big mother cat. Then Newton came to know about his mistake. Isn't it funny? Such foolish mistakes by great minds....
                          Now friends, you everyday see the same environment and earth. Has it happened that you have woken up and the world has changed ? Certainly not! But why?
                           There are four main forces of nature which hold the things intact and they are the reasons we all don't see the world changing in a blink of an eye. They are strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force and the further two you might be familiar are the electromagnetic and gravitational force. From the name itself,you might have recognized that the first two are related to atoms and molecules because they have the word 'nuclear' in them. The strong nuclear force creates a strong bond among protons and neutrons and this is why protons, even after having 'like charges' don't repel from nucleus. The weak nuclear force helps in radioactive decomposition of various radioactive things and nuclei.
                           You all know about electromagnetic force.Electromagnetic force is the one, due to which, like charges repel and unlike charges attract. And gravitational force keeps you from flying off the surface while reading this blog,etc. Hope you enjoyed reading my blog. Thank you for visiting and please subscribe and comment.

                          Friends, I am an amateur science learner who has a lot of interest in physics and chemistry. I want to be a physicist. I, now study in 10th grade and want to share some questions and some interesting facts about physics and chemistry.
                          Prior to reading this blog, you must know something about Uncertainty Principle of Heisenberg. If you know, then and only then you can find this question interesting. According to Uncertainty Principle, we cannot know any particles velocity and position at the same time. The more precisely we know a particle's position, the less precisely we know its velocity and vice-versa. This happens because if we use any particle as a medium to know some particle's position by colliding them with each other, then we come to know the position of the particle but mess up with its velocity. But I have a question. WHAT IF WE USE PHOTON AS THE PARTICLE?
                          As we know that photons have a definite velocity of 1,86,000 miles per sec. in vaccum, it will not change by any particle colliding photon because this is the limit to how fast anything can travel. And thus, we can come to know the photons velocity and also its position as the point of collision; thus proving the Uncertainty Principle wrong. Please help me with this question. I am an amateur and please forgive if some aggressive words are articulated by me.
                         An interesting fact about Isaac Newton: Newton got built for himself a bungalow. But after its completion he came to know that there was no space or holes for his cat to roam about form one room to another. So, he made one large hole in each wall for his cat to travel. But he thought, how will the kittens travel? So, he made one more small hole for the kittens to travel. But when the kittens started to roam........... what would have happened? Think....... Please subscribe, as this is my first blog and please comment and answer my question pleaseeeee. Thank u for visiting, and I'll we coming soon with update. See you.